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Reactive Dyes

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Reactive Dyes form a covalent bond between the dye and fiber. It contain a reactive group (often trichlorotriazine), either a haloheterocycle or an activated double bond, that, when applied to a fibre in an alkaline dye bath, forms a chemical bond with an hydroxyl group on the cellulosic fibre.

In a reactive dye a chromophore contains a substituent that is activated and allowed to directly react to the surface of the substrate.

Reactive dyeing is now the most important method for the coloration of cellulosic fibres. Reactive dyes can also be applied on wool and nylon; in the latter case they are applied under weakly acidic conditions. Reactive dyes have a low utilization degree compared to other types of dyestuff, since the functional group also bonds to water, creating hydrolysis.



Reactive dyes are categorized by functional group:
Functions Fixation Temperature Included in Brands
Monochlorotriazine Haloheterocycle 80° Basilen E & PCibacron EProcion H,HE
Monofluorochlorotriazine Haloheterocycle 40° Cibacron F & C
Dichlorotriazine Haloheterocycle 30° Basilen MProcion MX
Difluorochloropyrimidine Haloheterocycle 40° Levafix EADrimarene K & R
Dichloroquinoxaline Haloheterocycle 40° Levafix E
Trichloropyrimidine Haloheterocycle 80-98° Drimarene X & ZCibacron T
Vinyl sulfone activated double bond 40° Remazol
Vinyl amide activated double bond 40° Remazol


Advantages of the Reactive Dyes



Dyeing cycle and Important factors/phases in Reactive Dyeing



Types of Reactive Dyes

Bifunctional Dyes - Dyestuffs containing two groups are known as bifunctional dyestuffs. These reactive dyes are designed in such a manner to have the capacity to react with the fibre in more than a single way.

Vinylsulphone Dye (VS) - Vinylsulphone Dyes are moderately reactive. The dyeing temperature is generally 600C and pH is 11.5 that gets applied by utilising a mixture of soda ash and caustic soda. These dyes show excellent fixation properties under proper alkaline condition. A typical example is the Remazol Black B (CI Reactive Black 5)

Reactive DyesMonochlorotriazine Dye (MCT) - Normally these dyes are less reactive than vinylsulphone dyes. Reaction can take place in more energetic reaction conditions. That is typically 800 degreeC and pH value of 10.5, are essential for a proper fixation on cellulosic fibres. A typical monochlorotriazine dye is shown here.






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